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22 December 2008

BEWARE!

MOBILE PHONE COULD EXPLODE UNDER EXTREME HOT ENVIRONMENT!

SOME LESSONS ARE BEST

LEARNED BY EXPERIENCE!
An incident of a mobile phone
explosion inside a vehicle cabin was
reported in Saudi Arabia lately.
Incident Background
Mobile phone units were left inside the
car compartment while the vehicle was
parked in an open area. One of the
phones had its power “on”. It was close
to midday. Reportedly after an hour in
the park, one of the mobile phones
exploded.

What Went Wrong?
Obviously the mobile phone’s battery is
the only component as the legitimate
source of stored energy.
The solar heat obviously pressurized
the car’s closed cabin. What triggers
the explosion could be the overheated
battery caused by extremely high
temperature magnified by the
windshield (glass) and the sealed
(unventilated) vehicle cabin.

Lessons Learned
Better not to leave mobile phones in
car compartment especially when the
vehicle is exposed to direct sunlight for
a prolonged period.



Figure 1&2: Shattered car windshield as a result of the
explosion







Figure 3: Effects of the explosion



Figure 4: Remains of phone gadget



Figure 5: Evidence of rupture and heavy melting due to intense temperature as a consequence of the explosion


Figure 6: Car compartment damages and mobile phone
units were destroyed beyond repair.


01 December 2008

MY JOBS

SERVICE DISH


SERVER CHECK


CHEKING FOR LINK NETWORK

Setting Up a Windows Network

Installing a NIC
  • Physical installation
    -PCI or ISA card
    -PC Card (PCMCIA)
    -USB
  • Setup in Windows
    -Run Setup utility to install driver
    -Configure any options as needed
    -Test to confirm functionality


Installing a Hub, Switch, or AP

  • Connect network cables
  • Connect AC power to device
  • Start up PC(s) and test network connectivity


Networking Software and the OSI Model



Version Differences in Windows Networking
  • Windows 95, 98, Me
    -Single set of properties for all networking as a whole
  • Windows 2000, XP
    -Each network connection has its own properties
    -Each network connection can have different protocols and services
Windows 2000/XP Networking
  • Choose a network connection and then view its Properties


Network Client Software
  • Client for Microsoft Networks
    -Might already be installed
    -Installed during Windows Setup if a NIC is detected
    -Installed when you run Network Setup Wizard

  • Client for Netware Networks
    -Must be manually installed
    -Not available in all versions

Manually Installing Network Client Software

  • Windows 9x/Me
    -Add client from Networks dialog box

  • Windows 2000/XP
    -Choose a network connection and add client for that connection




Protocols
  • TCP/IP
    -Usually installed by default
    -Required for Internet
    -Used by most networks

  • NetBEUI
    -Older, compact protocol
    -Not routable
    -Not available in Windows XP

  • IPX/SPX-Compatible
    -Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange
    -Required for Client for Netware Networks
Binding Protocols
  • Required in Windows 9x/Me because of the single set of Network settings
  • Associates a protocol with a client or NIC
Binding Protocols





Checking for Network Connectivity
  • Browse My Network Places (or Network Neighborhood)



Changing the Computer Name and Workgroup Name
  • In System Properties:
    -Windows 2000: Network Identification tab
    -Windows XP: Computer Name tab in System properties




Network Setup with Wizards
  • Windows Me:
    -Home Networking Wizard
  • Windows XP:
    -Network Setup Wizard
Understanding TCP/IP
  • IP Addresses
    -32-bit binary number
    -Broken down into four 8-digit binary numbers
    -Each binary number converted to decimal
    -Example: 1100111.10010110.11000000.00001100(equivalent to 207.150.192.12)

Assigning IP Addresses

  • Static: Fixed address, assigned to each PC
  • Dynamic: Address assigned to the PC by a DHCP server

  • Automatic Private IP Address (APIPA): Address assigned by default if DHCP server is not available
Subnet Masks
  • Tells where the network address divides from the host address


  • Binary versions always have the 1s first, followed by the 0s
    -Example, 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
    -When converted to decimal:255.255.255.0
DNS Server
  • Stands for Domain Name System
  • Translates between URLs and IP addresses on the Internet

  • Many DNS servers on the Internet, all sharing data with one another
Checking PC’s IP Address
  • Windows 2000 or XP:
    1.Display properties for desired connectionDisplay properties for TCP/IP

Working with the BIOS Setup Program

BIOS
  • Basic Input Output System
  • Motherboard has a BIOS

  • Other devices may also have a BIOS (ex. printer, network router, video card)

  • Typically stored on a ROM or Flash RAM chip
CMOS
  • Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  • Type of RAM used for storing exceptions to BIOS settings
  • Powered by motherboard battery full-time


Accessing BIOS Setup


  • Watch for a message at startup telling which key to press




BIOS Setup Utility




Exiting BIOS Setup
  • Refer to message onscreen for instructions

  • F10 is typical for saving changes
  • Esc is typical for discarding changes



Floppy Drive Configuration
  • BIOS does not typically detect floppy drives



Hard Drive Configuration
  • Usually Plug-and-Play, but manual setup is possible; refer to label on disk drive


Boot Configuration

  • Set boot order (CD, Hard, Floppy, etc.)




Plug and Play
  • When Plug and Play OS is assumed, BIOS relinquishes control of many hardware resources

  • Reset Configuration resets BIOS assignments of resources from its own Plug and Play

  • Assign IRQ for USB support enables USB devices to work before OS loads

Integrated Peripherals

  • Legacy parallel and serial ports

  • Set addresses or enable/disable




Power Management
  • Can be configured in BIOS or in OS

  • OS is preferable if possible

  • Power management turned on in both places can result in conflict

Recover from Bad BIOS Changes

1.Find reset jumper on motherboard
2.Change its position
3.Power system on for 5 to 10 seconds
4.Power system off
5.Reset jumper

Install BIOS Updates

  • Download update from manufacturer’s Web site

  • Check instructions on Web site

  • Many types of updaters
    *Command line utilities
    *Windows-based utilities
    *Boot disks

Replace BIOS Chip

  • Pull chip with chip puller tool

Video Card Concepts & Troubleshooting

Video Card Concepts
  • Acts as a hardware interface between monitor and PC

  • Has its own chipset and RAM, like a motherboard

  • Talks to the OS via a driver
Video Card Concepts


Video Card Concepts

Video Resolution
  • Pixels: Individual dots in a particular display resolution
  • Examples:
    640x480
    800x600
    1024x768

Monitor Resolution
  • Triad: One set of one red, one green, one blue phosphor

  • Number of triads per pixel depends on display resolution chosen in OS


Video Card Types

  • PCI Express:
    *New type of motherboard slot in 2004
    *Faster than AGP

  • AGP:
    *AGP slot on motherboard designed specifically for video card
    *Fast interface

Video Card Types





Video Chipset
  • Not always the same brand as the video card itself

  • Determines overall driver class compatibility




Video RAM

  • How Much RAM needed for a particular resolution?
    *Horizontal resolution x vertical resolution x color depth in bits
    *Convert answer to bytes by dividing by 8
    *Example: 1024 x 768, 24-bit color
    *Number of pixels: 1024 x 768 = 786,432
    *Bits required: 786,432 x 24 = 18,874,368
    *Convert to bytes: 18,874,368 ÷ 8 = 2,359,296

3D Acceleration

  • Increases amount of RAM required by about 4X because extra RAM is needed for buffers


Install a Video Card

1.Remove old video card if needed
2.Remove backplate from slot if needed
3.Insert video card firmly in slot
4.Secure it with screw or retainer bar
5.Connect a monitor, and boot




Set Display Properties in Windows


1.Install correct driver for video card if needed
2.Right-click the desktop, choose Properties
3.Change resolution and color depth on Settings tab



Troubleshooting Video Card

  • Nothing appears on-screen
    *Monitor turned off
    *Monitor contrast turned down
    *Monitor not connected
    *PC not powered on
    *Defective video card
    *Not installed correctly
  • Screen has a red, blue, or green tint
    *Pin broken on monitor or video card connector
    *Connector not snugly plugged in
  • Garbled Windows display
    *Bad video driver
    *Correct problem in Safe Mode
  • Vertical stripes on Windows display
    *Corrupted video driver
    *Physical defect in video card
    *Not the monitor’s fault
  • Windows won’t start except in safe mode
    *Bad Windows video driver
    *Wrong driver installed for video card
  • Pictures and colors look bad
    *Too low a color depth being used
    *Video card not recognized, so it is using standard VGA mode (16 color)
    *Install driver for exact model of video card
  • Certain Applications Crash
    *Video driver not up-to-date
    *Patch for application required
    *New version of DirectX required

30 November 2008

Device Drivers

Device Drivers

  • Software that interprets between the OS and the device

  • Information needed for driver installation contained in an INF file

  • The actual driver is a SYS or DLL file or a combination of files

Update a Driver

  • Find device in Device Manager and double-click it

  • On Driver tab, click Update Driver button

  • Follow the prompts

Signed Drivers

  • Used in Windows XP to ensure driver integrity

  • Warning appears if unsigned driver is attempting to install

  • Look online for updated, signed drivers when possible

  • Install an unsigned driver only as a last resort

Identifying a Resource Problem

  • Look for exclamation point icon in Device Manager
  • Double-click device to find out what’s wrong with it

Disable a Device



25 November 2008

Windows Server 2008


Windows Server 2008

Other feature server 08:
core os improvement
active directory improvements
policy related improvements
disk management & file storage improvements
protocol & cryptography improvements
improvements due to client-side (windows vista) enhancements
miscellaneous improvements

Core OS improvements
Fully multi-componentized operating system.
Improved hot patching, a feature that allows non-kernel patches to occur without the need for a reboot.
Support for being booted from Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)-compliant firmware on x86-64 systems.
Dynamic Hardware Partitioning
Support for the hot-addition of processors and memory, on capable hardware.
Support for the hot-replacement of processors and memory, on capable hardware

Active Directory improvements
A new "Read-Only Domain Controller" operation mode in Active Directory, intended for use in branch office scenarios where a domain controller may reside in a low physical security environment. The RODC holds a non-writeable copy of Active Directory, and redirects all write attempts to a Full Domain Controller. It replicates all accounts except sensitive ones. In RODC mode, credentials are not cached by default. Moreover, only the Domain Controller running the PDC-Emulator needs to run Windows Server 2008. Also, local administrators can log on to the machine to perform maintenance tasks without requiring administrative rights on the domain.
Restartable Active Directory allows ADDS to be stopped and restarted from the Management Console or the command-line without rebooting the domain controller. This reduces downtime for offline operations and reduces overall DC servicing requirements with Server Core. ADDS is implemented as a Domain Controller Service in Windows Server 2008.


Policy related improvements
All of the Group Policy improvements from Windows Vista. Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) is built-in. The Group Policy objects are indexed for search and can be commented on.[11]
Policy-based networking with Network Access Protection, improved branch management and enhanced end user collaboration. Policies can be created to ensure greater Quality of Service for certain applications or services that require prioritization of network bandwidth between client and server.
Granular password settings within a single domain - ability to implement different password policies for administrative accounts on a "group" and "user" basis, instead of a single set of password settings to the whole domain.

Disk management and file storage improvements
The ability to resize hard disk partitions without stopping the server, even the system partition. This applies only to simple and spanned volumes, not to striped volumes.
Shadow Copy based block-level backup which supports optical media, network shares and Windows Recovery Environment.
DFS enhancements - SYSVOL on DFS-R, Read-only Folder Replication Member. There is also support for domain-based DFS namespaces that exceed the previous size recommendation of 5,000 folders with targets in a namespace. [12]
Several improvements to failover clusters (High-availability clusters).[13]
Internet Storage Naming Server (iSNS) enables central registration, deregistration and queries for iSCSI hard drives.
Protocol and cryptography improvements
Support for 128- and 256-bit AES encryption for the Kerberos authentication protocol.
New cryptography (CNG) API which supports elliptic curve cryptography and improved certificate management.
Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol, a new Microsoft proprietary VPN protocol.
AuthIP, a Microsoft proprietary extension of the IKE cryptographic protocol used in IPsec VPN networks.
Server Message Block 2.0 protocol in the new TCP/IP stack provides a number of communication enhancements, including greater performance when connecting to file shares over high-latency links and better security through the use of mutual authentication and message signing.
Improvements due to client-side (Windows Vista) enhancements
Searching Windows Server 2008 servers from Windows Vista clients delegates the query to the server, which uses the Windows Search technology to search and transfer the results back to the client.
In a networked environment with a print server running Windows Vista, clients can render print jobs locally before sending them to print servers to reduce the load on the server and increase its availability.
Event forwarding aggregates and forwards logs of subscribed Windows Vista client computers back to a central console. Event forwarding can be enabled on the client subscribers from the central server directly from the event management console.
Offline Files are cached locally so that they are available even if the server is not, with copies seamlessly updating when the client and server are reconnected.
Miscellaneous improvements
Windows Deployment Services replacing Automated Deployment Services and Remote Installation Services. Windows Deployment Services (WDS) support an enhanced multicast feature when deploying operating system images.
Internet Information Services 7 - Increased security, XCOPY deployment, improved diagnostic tools, delegated administration.
An optional "Desktop Experience" component provides the same Windows Aero user interface as Windows Vista, both for local users, as well as remote users connecting through Remote Desktop